Catalan and Spanish Old Masters

In the mid 15th century, Valencia was becoming the place where the finest paintings of the Catalan-Aragonese Crown were made. Among the creations of the masters of this late Gothic period, Joan Reixach's works shone, by combining the elegance of an inherited International Gothic style with the new realistic trend that was arriving from the Netherlands. This panel, which remained unrecorded until recently, is a fine example of Reixach's best years, and can be compared closely on stylistic grounds to the artist's predella with five scenes from the Passion of Christ, today in the Museu de Belles Arts, Valencia.

JJuan Bautista Maíno is one of the leading figures of Spanish Baroque painting. Although he used to be known mainly to specialists in the field, he is now increasingly familiar to the wider public, thanks above all to the monographic exhibition hold by the Museo del Prado between 2009 and 2010. This painting shows the basic tenets of his style. He takes Caravaggism as the starting point, making good use of chiaroscuro effects and adopting a realistic, down-to-earth and intimate approach to the saintly protagonist. But, departing from Caravaggio's lessons, he adds a certain sense of solemnity and sobriety, which would become the hallmarks of the Spanish interpretation of the Baroque (an approach that was also echoed in Italy by artists like Orazio Gentilleschi). The composition used in this painting was so successful, that it was later adopted by other masters like Velázquez or Luis Tristán. The Musée du Louvre has recently bought another version of this painting by Maíno himself.

This work was purchased in an auction in the United States, and it was subsequently attributed to "La Roldana", one of the most notable members of the distinguished family of Spanish Baroque sculptors. The work's quality stands out thanks to its finely rendered details, which show a sound mastery of the terracotta technique, and a special sensibility. The treatment of the episode is quite direct, following the pattern José de Ribera set in his oil painting of the same subject (dated by Nicola Spinosa between 1617 and 1618). A work of singular distinction, it will be surely appreciated and enjoyed by the true connoisseur.

Although he died in almost total poverty, Luis Meléndez is now considered one of the major still-life painters, a genre with deep roots in the Spanish painting tradition of the16th, 17th and 18th centuries – with names like Juan van der Hamen, Juan Sánchez Cotán, Francisco de Zurbarán and Meléndez himself. Meléndez' works are included in the collections of the great European and American museums, but it is the Prado that holds the largest selection of them. The core of the Prado's holdings is the series of still-lives featuring Spanish fruits and eatables that Meléndez executed for the Prince of Asturias (who would reign as Carlos IV). In these the artist showed his masterly hand in rendering the effects of a wide range of surfaces, as well as his rare ability in building elegant and sound compositions out of the most common objects. In terms of artistic achievement, the painting shown here can be ranked among the examples from that Royal commission.

"Rescued" from a regional European auction, this unrecorded painting has become a milestone of the Catalan Nazarene movement. Catalan Nazarenes were the first to reconnect with contemporary trends in European art, lost since the days of the last Catalan Medieval masters, many centuries before. Pelegrí Clavé is a key name in the Nazarene circles, and the exquisite craftsmanship of this painting shows why. But this work is also important precisely because it shows how Clavé was trying to come to terms with the best of the Nazarenes, which he met while he was in Rome. The group was founded there thirty years before, by a self-styled brotherhood of German artists. Their first public project, which gave them fame and recognition, was the frescoing of Casa Barthóldy, the Prussian ambassador's home in the city (the frescoes are now in the Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin). The subject featured there was quite specific: the life of Joseph. By retaking the same biblical matter – with a direct quotation from one of the paintings of the original project, Clavé paid tribute to the pioneers of the movement and, at the same time, claimed for himself the role of their true successor. More details on the work and its background can be found in my essay, published by the Museu d'Art de Girona ("Pelegrí Clavé, 1811-1880: Jacob rep la túnica ensagonada del seu fill Josep. La darrera adquisició del Museu d'Art de Girona", Museu d'Art de Girona, 2010).